V shred guy - V Shred co-founder and celebrity fitness trainer Vince Sant was recently interviewed by Dr. Drew during a special presentation about shoulder pain relief, stem cell regenerative treatments, and working out. In this episode of “Ask Dr. Drew”, Vince shared tips and guidelines for preventing workout injuries and keeping yourself in shape at ...

 
1M Followers, 1,732 Following, 3,840 Posts - See Instagram photos and videos from V Shred (@vshred). L k bennett

Following the program has been easier than I thought. The trainers and all the support from Facebook and emails have been great. All the different options are great to choose from for keeping you on track and not feeling in the process alone. Date of experience: February 23, 2024. Reply from V Shred.Thermogenesis is the metabolic process of your body that burns calories in order to produce body heat. 3. Includes Cayenne Pepper. This spice contains capsaicin which is a compound that delivers a list of weight loss benefits: Improves circulation. Helps shed more fat and maintain muscle while dieting.The situation is different on Trustpilot, where V Shred earns 4-stars after more than 750 reviews. Common Compliments: Well thought out eating plan. Users successfully lost weight and kept it off with the diet and fitness plan. Company is …Vshred is a fitness and nutrition company founded by Vince Sant in 2013. The company offers a variety of workout and nutrition programs, as well as supplements and apparel.. Vshred’s programs are designed to help individuals achieve their fitness goals, whether it’s losing weight, building muscle, or improving overall health and wellness.Aug 20, 2022 · The V Shred program was founded by Vince Sant, a fitness author, celebrity trainer, and YouTube workout personality. His workout system is based around the idea of “minimum effective” workouts, and the plan promises to get you in shape without resorting to extreme willpower or going hungry from a restrictive diet. 1,137 total complaints in the last 3 years. 668 complaints closed in the last 12 months. View customer complaints of V Shred, LLC, BBB helps resolve disputes with the services or products a ... VSHRED | Vince Sant | New Videos Every Week Welcome to the V Shred YouTube Channel! This is your home for transforming your body, mind, and lifestyle. Led by renowned fitness experts, we're here ... Whether this is your first time working out or a seasoned pro, V Shred has something for everyone. Join our community of millions of like-minded individuals! Subscribe now, hit that notification ... Sadly most of these foods can be found inside your pantry right now. So, without further ado, prepare yourselves for the top 5 “healthy” foods to stay away from. 1.) Fruit Juice. Even though fruit juice does indeed contain several important vitamins and minerals, that does not make them healthy. You see, these juices are also packed to the ...Bonus Gift #1: Free Upgrade To V Shred University+. Our programs flat out work. Our programs have produced incredible results for hundreds of thousands of men and women across the globe. And we’re extremely confident you’re going to get amazing results with it, …SKYROCKET YOUR RESULTS WITH ACUSTOM PROGRAM BUILT SPECIFICALLY FOR YOUR BODY TYPE & METABOLISM. Skip the guesswork and get REAL results in just weeks! Our Certified V Shred Coaches can build a plan designed for your body type, metabolism, lifestyle, and goals. 0 seconds of 6 minutes, 1 secondVolume 90%. 00:00.1M Followers, 1,731 Following, 3,843 Posts - See Instagram photos and videos from V Shred (@vshred) 1M Followers, 1,732 Following, 3,840 Posts - See Instagram photos and videos from V Shred (@vshred) Something went wrong. There's an issue and the page could not be loaded. Reload ...V Shred Review: “A drunk driver almost took my life, I survived and then transformed my body with V Shred!” “I did Ripped in 90 days three times and lost 53 pounds, I got the customized meal plan that was a game changer right there and …Login to continue. Welcome back, sign in with your existing V Shred account credentialsVince Sant is not a scam. He is a mega social media viral star known to many as “the V Shred guy.” However, V Shred appears to use the claims of “fat burning” on many of its supplements, which is a RED FLAG. The weight loss industry would cease to exist if any food, drink, or supplement burned fat. Furthermore, VShred would not be ... Sportskeeda. Is the Viral VShred Diet worth a shot? Exploring pros and cons. Story by Sayan Ghosh. • 1mo • 3 min read. In an era where fitness and diet trends often go viral on social media ... Vince Sant - Professional Fitness Model, Certified Personal Trainer, Best-Selling Author and the Creator of V Shred. A complete step-by-step blueprint for melting away 20, 30, even 50+lbs of stubborn body fat while building a sexy toned stomach, arms, legs, and butt without starving or without living in the gym! Today, V Shred is now known for its track record of helping people achieve dramatic transformations, sometimes in as little as 90 days, and living their best lives. Our sister company, SculptNation , provides customers with a range of premium weight loss and wellness supplements to complement their fitness goals.V Shred is a male model and his bumbling delivery of the information he tried to copy from the expert videos created by Cavaliere gave away his complete …If you're confused on how to get in shape, let me help! I have a free body type quiz that will tell you exactly what to do to get started!👉🏼 http://vshred...SKYROCKET YOUR RESULTS WITH ACUSTOM PROGRAM BUILT SPECIFICALLY FOR YOUR BODY TYPE & METABOLISM. Skip the guesswork and get REAL results in just weeks! Our Certified V Shred Coaches can build a plan designed for your body type, metabolism, lifestyle, and goals. 0 seconds of 6 minutes, 1 secondVolume 90%. 00:00.VSHRED | Vince Sant | New Videos Every Week Welcome to the V Shred YouTube Channel! This is your home for transforming your body, mind, and lifestyle. Led by renowned fitness experts, we're here ...What started with 4 co-founders and a vision, V Shred has grown rapidly over the last few years. We now have 45 employees including 19 world class trainers on staff! We plan to double in size over the next year and have plans for major expansion over the next 5 years. We are proud to see our vision come to life and are incredibly humbled to see ...shred this many bytes (suffixes like K, M, G accepted) -u, --remove truncate and remove file after overwriting -v, --verbose show progress -x, --exact do not round file sizes up to the next full block; this is the default for non-regular files -z, --zero add a final overwrite with zeros to hide shredding --help display this help and exit --versionTHE BEST TYPE OF EXERCISE FOR AN MESOMORPH BODY TYPE. A combination of weight training and cardio usually works best for mesomorphs. But if you are a mesomorph and your goal is fat loss, you might want to consider prioritizing cardio. Our preferred method of cardio for most body types, including mesomorphs, is HIIT (high …As a dietary supplement for adults, the suggested dose is 1 serving of Test Boost Max first thing in the morning, 1 serving of HGH Boost in the afternoon and 1 scoop of Creatine 20-30 minutes before or after your workout. Be sure to check with your doctor before taking these or any supplements prior to use.Pooch Hall’s Daughter Djaeda Hall, All the Details About Her Family Life. The 28 aged Vince Sant is an American fitness coach and is the founder of the online fitness brand V Shred. Vince has been dating his …A quick google search reveals he was single handily responsible for 2020.But Jokes aside, Vince is what you would call a ‘fitness guru’ and it does not take ...Fats are needed by the body for metabolizing vitamins A, D, E and K. According to studies, fats can help boost the body’s testosterone level. Consuming controlled levels of quality fats such as coconut oil, egg yolk, and olive oil can make a huge difference to how much testosterone your body produces. 2. Choose the Right Type of Cholesterol.Mar 20, 2024 · Who is Vince Sant – “The V Shred Guy”? Vincent Sant is an American YouTuber, certified fitness trainer, model and entrepreneur born on December 31, 1993. He is mostly known as “The V Shred Guy” as he is the CEO and promoter for his fitness brand, V Shred. Quick Facts 📩 Join My MAILING LIST: https://bit.ly/3sGFk1H🆕 THE ULTIMATE ANABOLIC COOKBOOK 2.0: https://bit.ly/3bR8LY8🏋️ CHECK OUT MY TRAINING BOOK HARDER THAN LAST ...White or sweet potatoes. Quinoa. White or brown rice. Beans. Oats. Whole Wheat Bread. Fruits. High-calorie nut butters can also be an easy way for ectomorphs to add calories to their diet. They also need plenty of muscle-building protein, and should almost always have a post-workout protein shake. Your V Shred University Membership includes UNLIMITED access to: Access To Our Entire Library Of Digital Fitness Programs Including The Popular Fat Loss Extreme, Ripped in 90, Toned in 90 and More! Monthly Fat Burning Diet Plans From V Shred Coaches. Weekly Body Sculpting Workouts + Motivational Videos. Mar 30, 2023 · More importantly, their team is made up of experienced professionals. The company also has a YouTube channel with over 153 million — about $460k in revenue. Vince is also the co-founder of Sculpt Nation and the clothing brand V Shred Apparel. Therefore, Instagram fitness guru Vince Sant has an estimated net worth of $2 million. 📩 Join My MAILING LIST: https://bit.ly/3sGFk1H🆕 THE ULTIMATE ANABOLIC COOKBOOK 2.0: https://bit.ly/3bR8LY8🏋️ CHECK OUT MY TRAINING BOOK HARDER THAN LAST ...If you're confused on how to get in shape, let me help! I have a free body type quiz that will tell you exactly what to do to get started!👉🏼 http://vshred...BBB accredited since 8/22/2018. Exercise Programs in Las Vegas, NV. See BBB rating, reviews, complaints, get a quote & more.shred this many bytes (suffixes like K, M, G accepted) -u, --remove truncate and remove file after overwriting -v, --verbose show progress -x, --exact do not round file sizes up to the next full block; this is the default for non-regular files -z, --zero add a final overwrite with zeros to hide shredding --help display this help and exit --versionBEGINNER. $37 $14.95. LEARN MORE . Our programs flat out work. Our programs have produced incredible results for hundreds of thousands of men and women across the globe. And we’re extremely confident you’re going to get amazing results with it, too. That's why all of our digital programs are protected by a 30-Day 100% Money-Back Guarantee ...He’s not just talking; he’s the CEO and co-founder of V Shred, one of the fastest-growing online fitness brands. As an ISSA-certified personal trainer, Vince shares valuable tips on diet, exercise, and overall wellness through his YouTube channel, V Shred, where he has over 2.4 million subscribers.Preheat the oven to 325 degrees Fahrenheit. Line two large baking sheets with parchment paper, then the combine the banana chips, oats, quinoa, peanuts, salt, cinnamon, and sugar in it. After that, heat the peanut butter, honey, and butter in a small saucepan over medium heat for two to four minutes.Aug 21, 2022 · Spread the love. “I’ve been eating healthy for years,” Vince, aka Vin Sant, brags in the YouTube ad for his workout program V Shred. “And I was eating these foods that people say are healthy but was actually killing my body’s number one fat-burning and muscle-building hormone. Table of Contents show. Preheat the oven to 325 degrees Fahrenheit. Line two large baking sheets with parchment paper, then the combine the banana chips, oats, quinoa, peanuts, salt, cinnamon, and sugar in it. After that, heat the peanut butter, honey, and butter in a small saucepan over medium heat for two to four minutes. Vince Sant - Professional Fitness Model, Certified Personal Trainer, Best-Selling Author and the Creator of V Shred. A complete step-by-step blueprint for melting away 20, 30, even 50+lbs of stubborn body fat while building a sexy toned stomach, arms, legs, and butt without starving or without living in the gym! What started with 4 co-founders and a vision, V Shred has grown rapidly over the last few years. We now have 45 employees including 19 world class trainers on staff! We plan to double in size over the next year and have plans for major expansion over the next 5 years. We are proud to see our vision come to life and are incredibly humbled to see ... Following the program has been easier than I thought. The trainers and all the support from Facebook and emails have been great. All the different options are great to choose from for keeping you on track and not feeling in the process alone. Date of experience: February 23, 2024. Reply from V Shred.The V Shred Team is committed to helping each and every one of our customers achieve their goals. Contact. [email protected]; 4530 S Decatur Blvd #103; 89103; Las Vegas; United States; Category. V Shred is 70 out of 70 best companies in the category Fitness and Nutrition Service on Trustpilot.V Shred is a fitness program that offers customized plans for body type, gender, age, and activity level. The face of V …V Shred, LLC is the owner of the V Shred and V Shred trademarks, and all related designs, trademarks, copyrights, and other intellectual property. All other trademarks are owned by their respective owners. †Results vary depending on starting point, goals and effort. Exercise and proper diet are necessary to achieve and maintain weight loss ...What started with 4 co-founders and a vision, V Shred has grown rapidly over the last few years. We now have 45 employees including 19 world class trainers on staff! We plan to double in size over the next year and have plans for major expansion over the next 5 years. We are proud to see our vision come to life and are incredibly humbled to see ...The Vincesanity Shred or V Shred was founded by Vince Sant, known to many as the “V Shred guy.” He is a fitness author, celebrity trainer, cover model, and famous fitness Youtuber. V Shred claims are: Work out at home without going to the gym with less effort while still eating the food you like. Customized diets personalized for you.LadyBoners: Eye Candy! A positive community that encourages, enjoys and champions ladyboner-inducers of all types, showing the rest of the internet that, yes, ladies can slobber and objectify too. 344K Members. 160 Online.V Shred Review: “A drunk driver almost took my life, I survived and then transformed my body with V Shred!” “I did Ripped in 90 days three times and lost 53 pounds, I got the customized meal plan that was a game changer right there and …The V Shred Guy scandal has rocked the health and fitness industry, prompting widespread concern about ethics and transparency in the online fitness …1,137 total complaints in the last 3 years. 668 complaints closed in the last 12 months. View customer complaints of V Shred, LLC, BBB helps resolve disputes with the services or products a ...Nov 2, 2017 · If you like this cardio workout, join V Shred University for a discount here - http://vshred.fit/FullBodyHIIT#vshred #fullbodyworkout #fatburning V Shred 12 ... Very disappointed. I have almost complete my first bottle of the Burn supplement along with the night burn, the tumeric and the digestive enzymes. I have seen no improvements and have only lost 2 pounds while eating clean and walking daily. I am disappointed after spending a significant amount of money.In this video, Vince is going to show you the BEST cardio workout for fat loss. This workout is great for anyone looking to lose weight, reduce stomach fat, or get absolutely shredded. Following this routine style will make your cardio routine only 10-15 minutes max and burn more calories than standard steady-state ever could!Step 3: Choose Your Workouts. So our most popular programs all come in two variations. You can do them as follow-along video workouts, or as gym-based workouts. You can also switch back and forth, or–here’s a great option–do two gym workouts early in the week, and two at-home workouts later in the week.Today, V Shred is now known for its track record of helping people achieve dramatic transformations, sometimes in as little as 90 days, and living their best lives. Our sister company, SculptNation , provides customers with a range of premium weight loss and wellness supplements to complement their fitness goals. 1,137 total complaints in the last 3 years. 668 complaints closed in the last 12 months. View customer complaints of V Shred, LLC, BBB helps resolve disputes with the services or products a ... Vince Sant is not a scam. He is a mega social media viral star known to many as “the V Shred guy.” However, V Shred appears to use the claims of “fat burning” on many of its supplements, which is a RED FLAG. The weight loss industry would cease to exist if any food, drink, or supplement burned fat. Furthermore, VShred would not be ...VSHRED | Vince Sant | New Videos Every Week Welcome to the V Shred YouTube Channel! This is your home for transforming your …Mar 26, 2023 · Vshred, also known as Vince Sant, is a fitness influencer and entrepreneur who rose to fame through his "fitness" and "nutrition program" called V-shred. He ... 📩 Join My MAILING LIST: https://bit.ly/3sGFk1H🆕 THE ULTIMATE ANABOLIC COOKBOOK 2.0: https://bit.ly/3bR8LY8🏋️ CHECK OUT MY TRAINING BOOK HARDER THAN LAST ...Overview. What is V Shred? V Shred is a health brand that sells supplements, online personal training, and meals. They guarantee the “dream …A fat burner is a supplement designed to help us lose weight faster than we could without it. Fat Burners do this by increasing energy your levels, suppressing your appetite, and boosting your metabolism so your body burns fat fast. Most fat burners contain ingredients that can leave you feeling jittery and anxious, that’s why it’s ...Thermogenesis is the metabolic process of your body that burns calories in order to produce body heat. 3. Includes Cayenne Pepper. This spice contains capsaicin which is a compound that delivers a list of weight loss benefits: Improves circulation. Helps shed more fat and maintain muscle while dieting.Las Vegas-based V Shred is a company that offers fitness plans for women and men, with a focus on fast workouts, nutrition plans, and supplements. …Step 3: Choose Your Workouts. So our most popular programs all come in two variations. You can do them as follow-along video workouts, or as gym-based workouts. You can also switch back and forth, or–here’s a great option–do two gym workouts early in the week, and two at-home workouts later in the week.Aug 22, 2020. 1.2K. 29. If you haven’t heard of “V Shred” they’re a team of internet marketers (erm, “fitness experts”) who sell fitness programs and supplements, mostly through YouTube ads. The face of the operation is one Vince Sant, and you can immediately see seven reasons why he was chosen — 6 “packs” and 1 jawline.Fats are needed by the body for metabolizing vitamins A, D, E and K. According to studies, fats can help boost the body’s testosterone level. Consuming controlled levels of quality fats such as coconut oil, egg yolk, and olive oil can make a huge difference to how much testosterone your body produces. 2. Choose the Right Type of Cholesterol.1,137 total complaints in the last 3 years. 668 complaints closed in the last 12 months. View customer complaints of V Shred, LLC, BBB helps resolve disputes with the services or products a ...📗FREE TRAINING AND DIET!!!: https://www.htltsupps.com/pages/free-training-diet-plan💊GET MY SUPPLEMENTS NOW: https://bit.ly/3YFYILT👕NEW APPAREL!!!: https... Answer: A guy called Josh Brett recently published a well researched exposé video on V Shred, which apparently motivated all of the legitimate fitness Youtubers to highlight it to their viewers. There's been long time frustration with V Shred, first with them stealing material from other channels, and later with their terrible and ... V Shred. menu. home. × Login Home Programs Female Supplement Guide Male Supplement Guide Clothing About Blog Jobs Reviews. Support Center. Home; Programs; Supplements. Female Guide Male Guide Clothing; About; Blog; Jobs; Reviews; Login [memb_is_logged_in] You're already logged in Go To Your Programs! Or.Refined Carbohydrates. A good way to get rid of belly fat is to avoid foods with refined carbs, also known as “simple” carbs. They promote inflammation and weight gain. Plus, refined carbs spike your sugar levels. Replace these foods with whole-grain, fiber-enriched foods instead, also known as “complex” carbs. 3. Although V-shred did step up and made good by teaming me up with a different coach Sashli Star who has been wonderful! I have finally met my goal but it did take paying for a second 3 month plan, which was supposed to be met in the first 3 month plan. Date of experience: March 01, 2024. Useful. SKYROCKET YOUR RESULTS WITH ACUSTOM PROGRAM BUILT SPECIFICALLY FOR YOUR BODY TYPE & METABOLISM. Skip the guesswork and get REAL results in just weeks! Our Certified V Shred Coaches can build a plan designed for your body type, metabolism, lifestyle, and goals. 0 seconds of 6 minutes, 1 secondVolume 90%. 00:00.The Vince guy at V Shred is basically a male model who is hired to read a script. Whoever is actually behind the business doesn't know how to do anything except for sleazy internet marketing and scamming. Social media fitness is one of the biggest cons going on right now, because everybody wants to follow an attractive young guy or girl.For 3 free tips on how to build muscle fast customized for your body type and your goals, take my free body type fitness quiz - https://vshred.fit/Top10AbsTh...THE BEST TYPE OF EXERCISE FOR AN MESOMORPH BODY TYPE. A combination of weight training and cardio usually works best for mesomorphs. But if you are a mesomorph and your goal is fat loss, you might want to consider prioritizing cardio. Our preferred method of cardio for most body types, including mesomorphs, is HIIT (high …V Shred eventually exploded into a multi-million-dollar company ($110 million, to be exact) with over two million customers by 2019. These days, the fitness model and trainer is an internet sensation, despite the scathing Vince Sant reviews he endures from fitness marvels like Scott Herman and — OK — what seems like 90% of “everyone …Vince Sant is not a scam. He is a mega social media viral star known to many as “the V Shred guy.” However, V Shred appears to use the claims of “fat burning” on many of its supplements, which is a RED FLAG. The weight loss industry would cease to exist if any food, drink, or supplement burned fat. Furthermore, VShred would not be ...Day 1: 150 gm Day 2: 100 gm Day 3: 50 gm Day 4: 125 gm Day 5: 200 gm As you can see from the above, the first 3 days of the cycle are low carb, with Day 3 being the lowest. You will be dropping 50 grams of carbs per day over that 3-day period. On Day 4, you start rebuilding by adding 75 carbs per day to hit your 200 carb max on Day 5.For 3 free tips on how to build muscle fast customized for your body type and your goals, take my free body type fitness quiz - https://vshred.fit/Top10AbsTh...VSHRED | Vince Sant | New Videos Every Week Welcome to the V Shred YouTube Channel! This is your home for transforming your …Well, now you literally can with the V Shred new cutting edge fitness app. Fitness and nutrition guidance is now fun, easy, and at the touch of a button. Not only that, the app has a program for everyone, based on your specific body type and fitness goals. Access all your workouts, diet info, and choose from countless delicious recipes right in ... V Shred focuses on adapting carbohydrate intake according to an individual’s body’s response to carbohydrates. They stress the importance of understanding whether someone has a high, moderate, or low tolerance for carbs. High Carb Tolerance. For those with a high tolerance, V Shred suggests a balanced approach.

BBB accredited since 8/22/2018. Exercise Programs in Las Vegas, NV. See BBB rating, reviews, complaints, get a quote & more.. Bathhouse williamsburg

v shred guy

The testimonials featured may have used more than one V Shred product or extended the program to achieve their maximum results. Consult your physician and follow all safety instructions before beginning any exercise program or using any supplement, nutrition plan or meal replacement product, especially if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, or if you have … As a dietary supplement for adults, the suggested dose is 1 scoop a day, before, during or after your workout. Be sure to check with your doctor before taking these or any supplements prior to use. Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) are essential for men who work out and are trying to build muscle or burn fat. Type: Supplement. Benefit: Said to help you burn fats 24/7 through HIIT workouts. Brand: V Shred. Uses: The recommended supplement include lab researched ingredients. Services & Products: The Customized Diet and Training for Him/Her, The Fat Loss Extreme. Price: $47.00 – $225.00. Answer: A guy called Josh Brett recently published a well researched exposé video on V Shred, which apparently motivated all of the legitimate fitness Youtubers to highlight it to their viewers. There's been long time frustration with V Shred, first with them stealing material from other channels, and later with their terrible and ... Feb 27, 2023 · V Shred Big Arms Program – $19.99. This program is designed for one thing only – massive arms. As Vince says, he was a skinny guy once until he found the secret to getting shredded and bulking up. This 6-week program promises bigger arms with “classroom-style videos,” breaking down the workouts. Alles ablehnen. Zwecke anzeigen. Es ist ein Schock für Fans wie für Hollywood: Chance Perdomo, der eine tragende Rolle im „The Boys“-Spin-off hatte, ist mit 27 …LadyBoners: Eye Candy! A positive community that encourages, enjoys and champions ladyboner-inducers of all types, showing the rest of the internet that, yes, ladies can slobber and objectify too. 344K Members. 160 Online.Your V Shred University Membership includes UNLIMITED access to: Access To Our Entire Library Of Digital Fitness Programs Including The Popular Fat Loss Extreme, Ripped in 90, Toned in 90 and More! Monthly Fat Burning Diet Plans From V Shred CoachesDOSAGE: As a dietary supplement for adults, the suggested dose is 1 scoop a day, before, during or after your workout. Be sure to check with your doctor before taking these or any supplements prior to use. Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) are essential for men who work out and are trying to build muscle or burn fat.Dr. Mike Israetel Reacts to the best and worst Hollywood workouts and celebrity training, and evaluates how effective they are, based on current science!The ...Who is the V Shred Guy? Vince Sant is an American fitness instructor, who is the co-founder and CEO of one of the fastest growing online fitness brands V Shred. Is V Shred Any Good? The company claims that with this program, it’s easy to get in shape and lose weight. They claim that you’ll drop pounds, get in good physical condition, and ...Sep 11, 2019 · Sadly most of these foods can be found inside your pantry right now. So, without further ado, prepare yourselves for the top 5 “healthy” foods to stay away from. 1.) Fruit Juice. Even though fruit juice does indeed contain several important vitamins and minerals, that does not make them healthy. You see, these juices are also packed to the ... Whether this is your first time working out or a seasoned pro, V Shred has something for everyone. Join our community of millions of like-minded individuals! Subscribe now, hit that notification ... Round or apple shaped. Wide waist and hips. Shorter arms and legs. Can’t “get away” with overeating or eating whatever you want. Trouble losing and/or keeping weight off. Puts on weight or muscle easier in the lower half of the body. Can develop strength much easier than losing fat. A slower metabolism..

Popular Topics