Shortness of breath nursing diagnosis - 2. Monitor breath and heart sounds. Patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) will present with shortness of breath and may have a cough with blood-tinged sputum due to pulmonary congestion. Upon assessment, the nurse will likely hear “wet” breath sounds (crackles). An S3 gallop signifies significant heart failure. 3.

 
 Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A client is being admitted from the emergency room reporting shortness of breath, wheezing, and coughing. What would the nurse formulate as an appropriate nursing diagnosis?, When writing an actual nursing diagnosis, the nurse includes the etiology that contributes to the current situation. This would be identified as:, A client ... . Bucees wiki

Nursing Diagnosis: Decreased Cardiac Output related to alterations in rate, rhythm, and electrical conduction secondary to fluid overload as evidenced by increased heart rate, changes in blood pressure, decreased urine output, extra heart sounds, edema, and shortness of breath. Desired Outcome:4. Educate the patient and family on signs of fluid gain. Swelling in extremities, shortness of breath, needing to sleep sitting up (orthopnea), weight gain of 2 pounds in 24 hours or 5 pounds in a week, and observed mental status changes are signs of fluid retention and overload. 5. Administer diuretics.#1 Sample Nursing Care Plan for Iron Deficiency Anemia – Risk for Bleeding Nursing Assessment. Subjective Data: The patient reports fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath; Objective Data: Hemoglobin 8.4 g/dL, hematocrit 26.24 L/L, and RBC 3.32 x10^6/mcL; Iron 9 umol/L and ferritin 8.3 ug/L; Platelets 130 K/mcL; Nursing …Heart failure is a common and complex clinical syndrome that results from any functional or structural heart disorder, impairing ventricular filling or ejection of blood to the systemic circulation to meet the body's needs. Heart failure can be caused by several different diseases. Most patients with heart failure have symptoms due to impaired left ventricular myocardial function. Patients ...Abstract. This chapter addresses the fundamental nursing in managing breathlessness. Every nurse should possess the knowledge and skills to assess patients holistically, to select and implement evidence-based strategies, to manage breathlessness, and to review the effectiveness of these to inform any necessary changes in care.Find the best online master's in nursing administration online with our list of top-rated schools that offer accredited online programs. Updated June 2, 2023 • 0 min read thebestsc...Shortness of breath that comes on suddenly (called acute) has a limited number of causes, including: Anaphylaxis. Asthma. Carbon monoxide poisoning. Cardiac tamponade (excess fluid around the heart) COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) — the blanket term for a group of diseases that block airflow from the lungs — including …Dyspnea, commonly referred to as shortness of breath, is the subjective sensation of uncomfortable breathing comprised of various sensations of varying intensity. It is a common symptom impacting millions of people and maybe the primary manifestation respiratory, cardiac, neuromuscular, psychogenic, systemic illness, or a combination of these. Dyspnea can be either acute or chronic with acute ...Nursing Diagnosis: Fatigue related to decreasing oxygen level in the blood secondary to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome as evidenced by overwhelming weakness, increased heart rate and respiratory rate, inability to perform daily activities, irritability, dyspnea, and shortness of breath during exertion.While nursing diagnoses serve as a framework for organizing care, their usefulness may vary in different clinical situations. ... Impaired Physical Mobility related to obesity as evidenced by shortness of breath with activity, difficulty in standing or walking for prolonged periods, and reliance on others for assistance in mobility.Dyspnea is a symptom of difficult or labored breathing that can be acute or chronic. It can be caused by various factors, such as obstruction in the airway, fluid buildup in the lungs, or anxiety. The web page provides nursing diagnosis and care plan for dyspnea based on the nursing process and related factors.Atrial fibrillation is one of the most common heart arrhythmias. It may be abbreviated as AFib or AF. AFib causes an irregular and often rapid heart rhythm. This can lead to abnormal blood flow and the development of clots. AFib increases the risk of events such as stroke, heart failure, and myocardial ischemia or heart attack.Apr 30, 2024 · The following are the nursing priorities for patients with congestive heart failure: Improve myocardial contractility and perfusion. Enhance heart’s pumping function to ensure adequate blood flow to organs through medications, monitoring vital signs, and optimizing fluid balance. Manage fluid volume. Acute dyspnea represents one of the most frequent symptoms leading to emergency room evaluation. Its significant prognostic value warrants a careful evaluation. The differential diagnosis of dyspnea is complex due to the lack of specificity and the loose association between its intensity and the severity of the underlying pathological condition.Everyone has a story about a nurse from Kerala. Whether you live in India or abroad, whether you’ve checked into a hospital as a patient or dropped in as a visitor, chances are you...Heart failure. B. (Acute pain is the only NANDA-I approved diagnosis listed. Sleep apnea and heart failure are medical diagnoses, and sore throat is subjective data.) A nurse develops a nursing diagnostic statement for a patient with a medical diagnosis of pneumonia with chest x-ray results of lower lobe infiltrates.-assigning clinical cues -defining characteristics -diagnostic reasoning -diagnostic labeling, A nurse is developing nursing diagnoses for a patient. Beginning with the first step, place in order the steps the nurse will use. 1. Observes the patient having dyspnea (shortness of breath) and a diagnosis of asthma. 2.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is the priority nursing diagnosis for this patient? 1. Decreased Cardiac Output 2. Ineffective Airway Clearance 3. Risk for Electrolyte Imbalance 4. Anxiety, The health care provider's orders for this patient include all of the following. Which intervention should you complete first? 1. …Survival rates vary by age and gender—from 84% for females under 44 years of age to 52% for males over 75. The US government may fall short of its goal, which it aimed to achieve b...Diagnostic Procedures. Note: Since chest pain and shortness of breath can also be the primary symptom of heart attack, pneumonia, pneumothorax (lung collapse), dissection of an aortic aneurysm (damage in the aorta), and other disorders, the physical examination will initially focus on the heart and lungs. 1. Hook the patient to an …Dyspnea, also known as shortness of breath, is a patient's perceived difficulty to breathe. Sensations and intensity can vary and are subjective. It is a prevalent symptom impacting millions of people. It may be the primary manifestation of respiratory, cardiac, neuromuscular, psychogenic, or systemic illnesses, or a combination of these. Dyspnea on exertion is a similar sensation. However ...Signs and Symptoms of Ineffective Airway Clearance. Abnormal breath sounds (e.g., crackles, wheezes, rhonchi) Abnormal respiration (rate, rhythm, and depth) Dyspnea or difficulty breathing. Excessive secretions. Hypoxia / cyanosis. Ineffective or absent cough. Orthopnea.Two most important causes of breathlessness on exertion are associated with cardiac disease and respiratory disease but sometimes breathlessness may also be related to other causes as given in box 1. 2. Orthopnoea. This is where patients describe an unpleasant or uncomfortable feeling when they try to lay flat or the necessity to sit upright or ...Shortness of breath that can't be explained by rigorous exertion or exercise requires a prompt, accurate diagnosis. Get emergency medical care if you experience shortness of breath that: Began suddenly and affects your ability to function. Is accompanied by chest pain that lasts more than a few minutes. Is accompanied by dizziness, fainting ...LANCASTER, Pa., April 29, 2020 /PRNewswire-PRWeb/ -- The travel nurse industry is stepping up to fill the desperate need for nurses during the COV... LANCASTER, Pa., April 29, 2020...Impaired gas exchange is a common nursing diagnosis that refers to a patient’s inability to effectively exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. This condition can be caused by a variety of factors, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, asthma, and other respiratory illnesses.Breathlessness (dyspnoea) can be an extremely distressing sensation, often characterised by rapid and difficult breathing. It is associated with a range of other acute and long-term conditions, and is a key symptom of Covid-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus identified in 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) that has resulted in a global pandemic.MLA Citation "Appendix N3: Nursing Diagnoses Grouped by Diseases/Disorders." ... possibly evidenced by shortness of breath, fremitus, respiratory depth changes, and reduced vital capacity. + + impaired Swallowing may be related to muscle wasting and fatigue, possibly evidenced by recurrent coughing or choking, and signs of aspiration. + + ...Dyspnea, or shortness of breath, can be caused by various factors and can be a symptom of an underlying medical condition. Learn more about the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for dyspnea ...An 81-year-old man presented with fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Within a few hours after presentation, chest pain and respiratory distress developed. A chest radiograph showed bilateral pa...Jun 11, 2023 · Signs and Symptoms of Ineffective Airway Clearance. Abnormal breath sounds (e.g., crackles, wheezes, rhonchi) Abnormal respiration (rate, rhythm, and depth) Dyspnea or difficulty breathing. Excessive secretions. Hypoxia / cyanosis. Ineffective or absent cough. Orthopnea. Jan 20, 2022 · Acid reflux. Anaphylaxis (a severe type of allergic reaction) Neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Other lung diseases such as sarcoidosis and bronchiectasis. Lack of regular exercise. Before dismissing shortness of breath as being due to inactivity, talk to your healthcare professional. Hiccups can be long-term or short-term. Learn whether anesthesia can cause hiccups in this article. Advertisement While doctors know how hiccups work, they don't really know why hi...3. Apply compression stockings. Compression stockings can prevent fluid build-up in the legs and ankles and improve circulation. 4. Educate on positioning. Pregnancy, long periods of standing or sitting such as when flying can result in lower leg edema. Remind patients to elevate lower legs periodically.Acute dyspnea represents one of the most frequent symptoms leading to emergency room evaluation. Its significant prognostic value warrants a careful evaluation. The differential diagnosis of dyspnea is complex due to the lack of specificity and the loose association between its intensity and the severity of the underlying pathological condition.Dyspnea, also known as shortness of breath, is a patient's perceived difficulty to breathe. Sensations and intensity can vary and are subjective. It is a prevalent symptom impacting millions of people. It may be the primary manifestation of respiratory, cardiac, neuromuscular, psychogenic, or systemic illnesses, or a combination of these. …May 11, 2022 · Dyspnea: when a patient experiences a shortness of breath. Orthopnea: when a patient has a more challenging time breathing while lying down. Tachypnea: characterized by shallow breathing, this is when the patient takes short and fast breaths. Similarly, hyperventilation, when the patient takes deep, fast breaths, is a sign. Mar 17, 2022 · Nursing Diagnosis: Impaired Gas Exchange related to alveolar edema due to elevated ventricular pressures as evidenced by shortness of breath, SpO2 level of 85%, and crackles upon auscultation. Desired Outcome: The patient will have improved oxygenation and will not show any signs of respiratory distress. This diagram outlines the diagnostic pathway for a patient presenting with chronic persistent breathlessness with symptoms of over 8 weeks duration. It notes that breathlessness is frequently multi-factorial without a single specific diagnosis. Anxiety, depression, low physical activity and deconditioning are commonly associated with ...Impaired gas exchange is a common nursing diagnosis that refers to a patient’s inability to effectively exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. This condition can be caused by a variety of factors, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, asthma, and other respiratory illnesses.NANDA Nursing Diagnosis Definition. Ineffective breathing pattern, according to NANDA (North American Nursing Diagnosis Association), is defined as a decreased oxygenation level and airway obstruction due to complications from certain medical conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, bronchitis, congestive heart ...Dyspnea: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions Dyspnea, often called shortness of breath (SOB), describes difficult or labored breathing, often with an increased respiratory rate. Shortness of breath is the feeling of running out of breath and not being able to breathe in and out deeply or quickly enough.Dyspnea is a symptom, not a discreet disease, and can be present in the absence of disease, or be the net result of multiple disease processes. It is an extremely common symptom. About 25% of patients seen by the physician in the ambulatory setting present with dyspnea. This number can be as high as 50% in the tertiary care setting. 1.Shortness of breath (dyspnoea) is a common emergency presentation and is a symptom of many different medical conditions, both acute and chronic. Most cases of acute shortness of breath are due to lung and breathing disorders, cardiovascular disease, or chest trauma. It is a condition which some patients may experience many …Skills: pursed-lip breathing and diaphragmatic breathing, to be used as strategies to manage shortness of breath; heart rate, dyspnea, and oxygen saturation monitoring during exercise sessions. • Shortness of breath • Self-efficacy • Functionality • All three intervention groups improved self-efficacy for walking after treatment. • Which electrolyte imbalance should the nurse use as the "as evidenced by" portion for this nursing diagnostic statement?, 3. The nurse is providing care to a patient with electrolyte imbalance showing edema and shortness of breath. Which nursing diagnosis should the nurse include in the updated patient plan of care? and more. It can be caused by problems with the lungs or with the heart, or by a low blood count, but its specific cause can sometimes take a while to pinpoint. Luckily, most …Dyspnea, or breathing discomfort, is a common symptom that afflicts millions of patients with pulmonary disease and may be the primary manifestation of lung disease, myocardial ischemia or dysfunction, anemia, neuromuscular disorders, obesity, or deconditioning. Examination of the language of dyspnea suggests that this symptom …Nursing Diagnosis for Bronchitis Bronchitis Nursing Care Plan 1. Nursing Diagnosis: Ineffective airway clearance related to trachea, ... Observe the patient for shortness of breath upon exertion, respiratory splinting and increased use of respiratory muscles. Straining and evident inspiratory effort are grounds for possible respiratory …The patient is a 60-year-old white female presenting to the emergency department with acute onset shortness of breath. Symptoms began approximately 2 days before and had progressively worsened with no associated, aggravating, or relieving factors noted. She had similar symptoms approximately 1 year ago with an acute, chronic …Breathlessness (dyspnoea) can be an extremely distressing sensation, often characterised by rapid and difficult breathing. It is associated with a range of other acute and long-term conditions, and is a key symptom of Covid-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus identified in 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) that has resulted in a global pandemic.Nursing Diagnosis: Decreased Cardiac Output related to alterations in rate, rhythm, and electrical conduction secondary to fluid overload as evidenced by increased heart rate, changes in blood pressure, decreased urine output, extra heart sounds, edema, and shortness of breath. Desired Outcome:Aug 22, 2018 ... ... nursing students prep for NCLEX. This lecture will cover ARDS pathophysiology, treatment, symptoms, nursing diagnosis, and more. What is ...Acute dyspnea represents one of the most frequent symptoms leading to emergency room evaluation. Its significant prognostic value warrants a careful evaluation. The differential diagnosis of dyspnea is complex due to the lack of specificity and the loose association between its intensity and the severity of the underlying pathological condition.Jun 21, 2017 · Types of interventions. We will include interventions targeting respiration to relieve breathlessness according to the following prespecified categories. Breathing training or breathing control exercises (e.g. diaphragmatic breathing, pursed lip breathing, body position exercises, respiratory muscle training). Orthopnea is the medical term for shortness of breath when lying down. When you lie down, excess fluid spreads across your lungs and makes it hard to breathe. Sitting or standing up relieves this ...Here you will find a list of NANDA nursing diagnosis for various disease conditions of the Cardiovascular System. ... decreased peripheral pulses, cyanosis, decreased blood pressure, shortness of breath, dyspnea, cold and clammy skin, decreased mental alertness, changes in mental status, oliguria, anuria, sluggish capillary …Chapter 28: Caring for Clients with Heart Failure. When a client has increased difficulty breathing when lying flat, the nurse records that the client is demonstrating. orthopnea. dyspnea upon exertion. hyperpnea. paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. Click the card to flip 👆. Orthopnea. Click the card to flip 👆.This nursing best practice guidelineis a comprehensive document providing resources necessary for the support of evidence-based nursing practice. The document needs to be reviewed and applied, based on the specific needs of the organization or practice setting/environment, as well as the needs and wishes of the client.A significant portion of the AHA 2021 Scientific Sessions was focused on mentorship for early career individuals in research and medicine. Insights from the Interview with Nursing ...Dyspnea Nursing Diagnosis: Activity intolerance related to imbalance between oxygen supply and demand as evidenced by fatigue, overwhelming lack of …At a nursing home, skilled staff and health care providers offer around-the-clock care. Nursing homes can provide a number of different services: At a nursing home, skilled staff a...Apr 30, 2024 · Schedule and integrate nursing care to allow periods of uninterrupted rest and sleep. Provide a quiet and peaceful environment. These interventions encourage rest and lessen stress, oxygen consumption, and fatigue. Consistent rest and activity reduce fatigue and aggravation of muscle weakness. Dyspnea or ineffective breathing pattern is a state of abnormal breathing rate, depth, rhythm, or pattern. It can be caused by various factors such as heart failure, hypoxia, airway obstruction, …The common symptoms of COPD include shortness of breath, coughing, wheezing, and chest tightness. COPD can also cause fatigue, weight loss, and difficulty sleeping. Diagnosis of COPD. ... To address these nursing diagnoses, nursing interventions such as providing education, administering medications, implementing fall …Case Presentation. History of Present Illness: A 33-year-old white female presents after admission to the general medical/surgical hospital ward with a chief complaint of shortness of breath on exertion. She reports that she was seen for similar symptoms previously at her primary care physician’s office six months ago.Nursing Diagnosis. Decreased cardiac output related to blood flow obstruction as evidenced by fatigue, shortness of breath, and right heart strain. Goal/Desired Outcome. Short-term goal: The patient remains hemodynamically stable overnight with a reduction in chest pain and shortness of breath by the end of the shift.Nursing Diagnosis: Acute Pain related to decreased myocardial blood flow as evidenced by pain score of 10 out of 10, verbalization of pressure-like/ squeezing chest pain (angina), guarding sign on the chest, ... generalized weakness, and shortness of breath upon exertion.Apr 30, 2024 · Nursing Care Plan and Management. Nursing care management for chest pain involves prompt assessment, effective pain management, and close monitoring of vital signs to ensure timely intervention and promote patient well-being. In this section, we’ll dive into the nursing care management for patients with angina pectoris (chest pain). In addition to feeling as if you cannot take in enough air, symptoms of dyspnea, according to the journal American Family Physician, can include the following: ( 1) Rapid breathing. Increased ...A client is being admitted from the emergency room reporting shortness of breath, wheezing, and coughing. What would the nurse formulate as an appropriate nursing diagnosis? A. Asthma Attack B. Acute Dyspnea C. Bronchial Pneumonia D. Ineffective Airway ClearanceMay 11, 2022 · Dyspnea: when a patient experiences a shortness of breath. Orthopnea: when a patient has a more challenging time breathing while lying down. Tachypnea: characterized by shallow breathing, this is when the patient takes short and fast breaths. Similarly, hyperventilation, when the patient takes deep, fast breaths, is a sign. Impaired gas exchange is a common nursing diagnosis that refers to a patient’s inability to effectively exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. This condition can be caused by a variety of factors, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, asthma, and other respiratory illnesses.A nurse is developing a plan of care for a client with heart failure brought to the emergency department. The client was experiencing shortness of breath and pitting edema of the lower extremities. Which statement would the nurse identify as a the problem to be addressed in the client's nursing diagnosis?1. Frequently assess the patient’s lung sounds and respirations. Adventitious lung sounds are expected with emphysema. Monitor for rhonchi or crackles that signal an infection, such as pneumonia. Monitor for changes in respiratory patterns for impending respiratory distress. 2. Assess oxygen saturation.A nursing diagnosis is defined as, “A clinical judgment concerning a human response to health conditions/life processes, or a vulnerability for that response, by an individual, family, group, or community.”. [6] Nursing diagnoses are customized to each patient and drive the development of the nursing care plan.Shortness of Breath (Dyspnea) Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan Dyspnea often called shortness of breath (SOB), is used to describe difficult or labored breathing often with an increased respiratory rate. Shortness of breath is not a disease but a symptom. Dyspnea can be acute or chronic depending on the causative factor.Anemia is a condition where a patient has a below normal level of red blood cells. This can cause symptoms like fatigue, dizziness, weakness and shortness of breath.

2. Administer pain medications as indicated. The heart rate can be slowed by medications to treat pain in tachycardia. Morphine can lessen the workload on the heart, slowing breathing and heart rate. 3. Ask the patient to perform vagal maneuvers. Instruct the patient to cough or bear down as if having a bowel movement.. Globus journey

shortness of breath nursing diagnosis

A nurse is developing nursing diagnoses for a patient. Beginning with the first step, place in order the steps the nurse will use.1. Observes the patient having dyspnea (shortness of breath) and a diagnosis of asthma.2. Writes a diagnostic label of impaired gas exchange.3. Organizes data into meaningful clusters.4. Interprets information from ...Apr 30, 2024 · Nursing Care Plan and Management. Nursing care management for chest pain involves prompt assessment, effective pain management, and close monitoring of vital signs to ensure timely intervention and promote patient well-being. In this section, we’ll dive into the nursing care management for patients with angina pectoris (chest pain). Asthma involves many pathophysiologic factors, including bronchiolar inflammation with airway constriction and resistance that manifests as epi­sodes of coughing, shortness of breath, and wheezing. Asthma can affect the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. Inflammation can exist even though obvious signs and symptoms of asthma …Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive inflammatory condition of the lungs. As a progressive condition, COPD worsens over time, making it difficult to breath...1. Frequently assess the patient’s lung sounds and respirations. Adventitious lung sounds are expected with emphysema. Monitor for rhonchi or crackles that signal an infection, such as pneumonia. Monitor for changes in respiratory patterns for impending respiratory distress. 2. Assess oxygen saturation.Shortness of breath treatment depends on the underlying cause and duration of symptoms. Once that is determined, you and your physician can work together to create a treatment plan. If obesity or poor health is the cause, you will need to make lifestyle changes to manage your shortness of breath. Maintaining a healthy diet and exercising ...The most common causes of acute shortness of breath include: Respiratory tract infections, such as bronchitis or pneumonia. These infections usually cause other symptoms, such as fever, cough, or coughing up sputum or mucus. (See "Patient education: Pneumonia in adults (Beyond the Basics)" .) A severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis), …Apr 30, 2024 · Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common, preventable, and treatable disease that is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation that is due to airway and/or alveolar abnormalities, usually caused by significant exposure to noxious particles or gases. As with previous editions, the 2018 Global ... ANS: A. 20. A nurse is developing nursing diagnoses for a patient. Beginning with the first step, place in order the steps the nurse will use. 1. Observes the patient having dyspnea (shortness of breath) and a diagnosis of asthma. 2. Writes a diagnostic label of impaired gas exchange. 3.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is the priority nursing diagnosis for this patient? 1. Decreased Cardiac Output 2. Ineffective Airway Clearance 3. Risk for Electrolyte Imbalance 4. Anxiety, The health care provider's orders for this patient include all of the following. Which intervention should you complete first? 1. Send an arterial blood gas sample to ...Nursing Diagnosis: Ineffective Breathing Pattern related to emphysema as evidenced by shortness of breath, respiratory rate of 25 breaths per minute, SpO2 level of 80%, productive cough, and fatigue Desired Outcome: The patient will achieve effective breathing pattern as evidenced by respiratory rates between 12 to 20 breaths per minutes ...One nursing intervention related to hypertension is monitoring and recording the patient’s blood pressure using the correct cuff size and technique, according to Nurseslabs. Nursin...Dyspnea, also known as shortness of breath, is a patient's perceived difficulty to breathe. Sensations and intensity can vary and are subjective. It is a prevalent symptom impacting millions of people. It may …Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A client is being admitted from the emergency room reporting shortness of breath, wheezing, and coughing. What would the nurse formulate as an appropriate nursing diagnosis?, When writing an actual nursing diagnosis, the nurse includes the etiology that contributes to the current situation. This would be identified as:, A client ...A nursing diagnosis is defined as, “A clinical judgment concerning a human response to health conditions/life processes, or a vulnerability for that response, by an individual, family, group, or community.”. [6] Nursing diagnoses are customized to each patient and drive the development of the nursing care plan.Do you know how to get your nursing assistant renewal certification? Learn how to get your renewal certification in this article from HowStuffWorks. Advertisement As the elderly po...This diagram outlines the diagnostic pathway for a patient presenting with chronic persistent breathlessness with symptoms of over 8 weeks duration. It notes that breathlessness is frequently multi-factorial without a single specific diagnosis. Anxiety, depression, low physical activity and deconditioning are commonly associated with ...Signs and Symptoms of Ineffective Airway Clearance. Abnormal breath sounds (e.g., crackles, wheezes, rhonchi) Abnormal respiration (rate, rhythm, and depth) Dyspnea or difficulty breathing. Excessive secretions. Hypoxia / cyanosis. Ineffective or absent cough. Orthopnea..

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